Ameur, Adam and Enroth, Stefan and Johansson, Asa and Zaboli, Ghazal and Igl, Wilmar and Johansson, Anna C. V. and Rivas, Manuel A. and Daly, Mark J. and Schmitz, Gerd and Hicks, Andrew A. and Meitinger, Thomas and Feuk, Lars and van Duijn, Cornelia and Oostra, Ben and Pramstaller, Peter P. and Rudan, Igor and Wright, Alan F. and Wilson, James F. and Campbell, Harry and Gyllensten, Ulf (2012) Genetic Adaptation of Fatty-Acid Metabolism: A Human-Specific Haplotype Increasing the Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 90 (5). pp. 809-820. ISSN 0002-9297,
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential for the development and function of the human brain. They can be obtained directly from food, e.g., fish, or synthesized from precursor molecules found in vegetable oils. To determine the importance of genetic variability to fatty-acid biosynthesis, we studied FADS1 and FADS2, which encode rate-limiting enzymes for fatty-acid conversion. We performed genome-wide genotyping (n = 5,652 individuals) and targeted resequencing (n = 960 individuals) of the FADS region in five European population cohorts. We also analyzed available genomic data from human populations, archaic hominins, and more distant primates. Our results show that present-day humans have two common FADS haplotypes-defined by 28 closely linked SNPs across 38.9 kb-that differ dramatically in their ability to generate LC-PUFAs. No independent effects on FADS activity were seen for rare SNPs detected by targeted resequencing. The more efficient, evolutionarily derived haplotype appeared after the lineage split leading to modern humans and Neanderthals and shows evidence of positive selection. This human-specific haplotype increases the efficiency of synthesizing essential long-chain fatty acids from precursors and thereby might have provided an advantage in environments with limited access to dietary LC-PUFAs. In the modern world, this haplotype has been associated with lifestyle-related diseases, such as coronary artery disease.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; HUMAN GENOME; POSITIVE SELECTION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; COMMON VARIANTS; CLUSTER; SEQUENCE; |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine |
| Divisions: | Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 14 May 2020 05:36 |
| Last Modified: | 14 May 2020 05:36 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/18750 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
