Zeng, Rui and Glaue, Emily and Moellhoff, Nicholas and Yi, Kyu-Ho and Anker, Alexandra and Unbehaun, Philipp and Brebant, Vanessa and Hong, Wei-Jin and Prantl, Lukas and Frank, Konstantin (2025) Revealing the Perfect Smile: How Philtrum Length Shapes Lip Beauty. AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY, 49 (13). pp. 3561-3571. ISSN 0364-216X, 1432-5241
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Abstract
BackgroundLips significantly influence facial aesthetics, driving the growing demand for lip augmentation procedures, particularly the bullhorn lip lift. As aesthetic medicine becomes more diverse with globalization, understanding how ethnicity affects aesthetic perceptions of lips is increasingly important.ObjectivesTo examine the philtrum length and lip proportions in the context of different ethnic backgrounds, recognizing the increasing globalization of beauty standards.MethodsFive frontal facial images of females from diverse ethnic groups-African, Asian, Caucasian, Latino, and Middle Eastern-were generated using Midjourney and were edited to simulate various degrees of philtrum shortening and corresponding changes in the upper vermillion height and maxillary incisor show. An online survey was then conducted to gather participant feedback on the aesthetic appeal of the lips in each image, using a 5-point Likert scale.ResultsA total of 570 respondents participated in the study. Overall, the most preferred lips were those with a 1 mm incisor show in African and Asian images, while lips with a 0.5 mm incisor show were favored in Caucasian and Latino images, and 0 mm in Middle Eastern images. The least favored lips were predominantly those with a 4 mm incisor show. Preferences across age and ethnic groups primarily favored the 0 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm incisor shows.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between philtrum length and the perception of beauty. The findings emphasize the importance of achieving a balanced aesthetic that aligns with the patient's cultural background and personal preferences.Level of Evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | FEMINIZATION; PERCEPTIONS; SURGERY; Lip aesthetics; Philtrum length; Ethnic beauty standards; Facial proportions |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine |
| Divisions: | Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde Medicine > Zentren des Universitätsklinikums Regensburg > Zentrum für Plastische-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Aug 2026 06:41 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Aug 2026 06:41 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/66191 |
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