ICRS-FIFA-Aspetar consensus on the management of knee cartilage injuries in football players: part 1-appropriateness of surgery in different clinical scenarios using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method

Kon, Elizaveta and Papakostas, Emmanuel and Andriolo, Luca and Serner, Andreas and Massey, Andrew and Verdonk, Peter and Angele, Peter and Arias, Claudia and Kaleka, Camila Cohen and Cugat, Ramon and D'Hooghe, Pieter and Della Villa, Francesco and Eirale, Cristiano and Erggelet, Christoph and Espregueira-Mendes, Joao and Fink, Christian and Geertsema, Celeste and Geertsema, Liesel and Lee, Cassandra A. and Mandelbaum, Bert and Nakamura, Norimasa and Parker, David A. and Sas, Kristof and Sonnery-Cottet, Bertrand and van der Merwe, Willem and Williams, Andy and Zaffagnini, Stefano and Zikria, Bashir Ahmed and Filardo, Giuseppe (2025) ICRS-FIFA-Aspetar consensus on the management of knee cartilage injuries in football players: part 1-appropriateness of surgery in different clinical scenarios using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 59 (13). pp. 902-911. ISSN 0306-3674, 1473-0480

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Abstract

Knee cartilage lesions are frequent in football players, but evidence for surgical treatment is lacking. The aim of this International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society, Federation Internationale de Football Association, and Aspetar (ICRS-FIFA-Aspetar) consensus was to develop specific expert-based, patient-specific practical recommendations on the appropriateness of non-surgical or surgical treatments for symptomatic knee cartilage lesions in competitive football players. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used, and 17 voting experts provided recommendations on the appropriateness of surgical treatment in 96 different clinical scenarios defined on 6 variables: cartilage injury onset, lesion location, defect size, bone involvement, player symptom level and preference towards higher priority of a quick return to play or long-term results. Surgical treatment of a cartilage lesion was considered appropriate in 32% of the scenarios, in 21% inappropriate, while in 47% of the scenarios, the appropriateness was considered uncertain. The parameters with the highest appropriateness for the surgical treatment of a cartilage lesion in a football player were the inability to play (75.0% of appropriate scenarios), a lesion sized 2 cm(2) or bigger (47.9% of appropriate scenarios) and the preference of the player for long-term results (41.7% of appropriate scenarios). In this ICRS-FIFA-Aspetar expert consensus, surgical treatment for cartilage injuries in competitive football players was considered appropriate only in one-third of the clinical scenarios, and the choice was mainly driven by the level of symptoms. Surgical preference was also influenced by larger lesions, lesions of the condyles and trochlea with subchondral bone involvement and player's preference towards long-term results.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: ; Football; Soccer; Cartilage; Knee; Consensus
Subjects: 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine
Divisions: Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Unfallchirurgie
Depositing User: Dr. Gernot Deinzer
Date Deposited: 20 Apr 2026 11:36
Last Modified: 20 Apr 2026 11:36
URI: https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/67632

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