Straub, Rainer H. (2014) Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY, 16 (1): 203. ISSN 1478-6354, 1478-6362
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During acute systemic infectious disease, precisely regulated release of energy-rich substrates (glucose, free fatty acids, and amino acids) and auxiliary elements such as calcium/phosphorus from storage sites (fat tissue, muscle, liver, and bone) are highly important because these factors are needed by an energy-consuming immune system in a situation with little or no food/water intake (sickness behavior). This positively selected program for short-lived infectious diseases is similarly applied during chronic inflammatory diseases. This review presents the interaction of hormones and inflammation by focusing on energy storage/expenditure and volume regulation. Energy storage hormones are represented by insulin (glucose/lipid storage and growth-related processes), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (muscle and bone growth), androgens (muscle and bone growth), vitamin D (bone growth), and osteocalcin (bone growth, support of insulin, and testosterone). Energy expenditure hormones are represented by cortisol (breakdown of liver glycogen/adipose tissue triglycerides/muscle protein, and gluconeogenesis; water retention), noradrenaline/adrenaline (breakdown of liver glycogen/adipose tissue triglycerides, and gluconeogenesis; water retention), growth hormone (glucogenic, lipolytic; has also growth-related aspects; water retention), thyroid gland hormones (increase metabolic effects of adrenaline/noradrenaline), and angiotensin II (induce insulin resistance and retain water). In chronic inflammatory diseases, a preponderance of energy expenditure pathways is switched on, leading to typical hormonal changes such as insulin/IGF-1 resistance, hypoandrogenemia, hypovitaminosis D, mild hypercortisolemia, and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Though necessary during acute inflammation in the context of systemic infection or trauma, these long-standing changes contribute to increased mortality in chronic inflammatory diseases.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | GROWTH-FACTOR-I; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; SYMPATHETIC-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ACTING SOMATOSTATIN ANALOG; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; BONE GLA-PROTEIN; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine |
| Divisions: | Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Innere Medizin I |
| Depositing User: | Petra Gürster |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Jul 2020 10:56 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Jul 2020 10:56 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/11003 |
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