Klein, Regina and Mueller, Eva and Kraus, Birgit and Brunner, Gabi and Estrine, Boris and Touraud, Didier and Heilmann, Joerg and Kellermeier, Matthias and Kunz, Werner (2013) Biodegradability and cytotoxicity of choline soaps on human cell lines: effects of chain length and the cation. RSC ADVANCES, 3 (45). pp. 23347-23354. ISSN 2046-2069,
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Abstract
Using choline as a counterion in fatty acid surfactants substantially increases their water solubility as compared to classical sodium and potassium soaps, and thereby enables the application of desirable longer-chain derivatives at ambient temperature. Since choline can be decomposed both physiologically and environmentally, corresponding fatty acid soaps are considered to be highly biocompatible. Recent toxicity and biodegradability studies of choline ionic liquids, including anions such as short- and middle-chain alkanoates, have verified the expected low toxic impact. However, according to the European Cosmetic Directive 76/768/EEC, all salts of choline are forbidden in cosmetic products, mainly just due to its classification as a quaternary ammonium ion. In order to facilitate their application in the future, we have investigated the biodegradability of choline soaps (ChCm) with alkyl chain lengths of m = 12-18 according to the OCDE 301F standard. Further, the cytotoxicity of ChCm surfactants with m = 8-16 was determined, both for odd-and even-numbered fatty acids. Studies were carried out using two different human cell lines, namely cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) and keratinocytes (SK-Mel-28). For a better comparability to common soaps and to shed light on the influence of the cation, sodium and potassium homologues were also investigated. Results reveal an unexpected non-linear relationship between the hydrophobic chain length and the IC50 value. Most importantly, the presented data show that IC50 values of ChCm surfactants coincide with those of the widely applied sodium and potassium soaps. This demonstrates that choline carboxylate surfactants are harmless and thus strongly supports their applicability in customer end products.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | IONIC LIQUIDS; ANIONIC SURFACTANTS; HELA-CELLS; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; CARBOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; AQUATIC TOXICITY; LIPID DROPLETS; IN-VITRO; ACID; |
| Subjects: | 500 Science > 540 Chemistry & allied sciences 500 Science > 580 Botanical sciences 600 Technology > 615 Pharmacy |
| Divisions: | Chemistry and Pharmacy > Institute of Pharmacy > Pharmaceutical Biology (Prof. Heilmann) Chemistry and Pharmacy > Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie > Chair of Chemistry VI - Physical Chemistry (Solution Chemistry) > Prof. Dr. Werner Kunz |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Apr 2020 04:29 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Apr 2020 04:29 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/17346 |
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