Minarovits, Janos and Demcsak, Anett and Banati, Ferenc and Niller, Hans Helmut (2016) Epigenetic Dysregulation in Virus-Associated Neoplasms. In: UNSPECIFIED Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology,, 879 . SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, BERLIN, pp. 71-90. ISBN 978-3-319-24738-0; 978-3-319-24736-6
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The oncoproteins of human tumor viruses regularly interact with the cellular epigenetic machinery. Such interactions alter the epigenome of the host cell and reprogram its gene expression pattern. Altered levels or redistribution of (cytosine-5)-DNA methyltransferases and changes in the cellular methylome were observed in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) associated neoplasms and cell lines. Methylation-mediated silencing of cellular promoters was also noted in Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) positive Merkel cell carcinomas, and, as discussed elsewhere, in EBV-associated malignancies and adenovirus-induced rodent tumors as well. Promoter activation also occurred, either associated with DNA hypomethylation or with the induction of euchromatic histone modifications by viral oncoproteins. It is worthy to notice that HCV infection induced large, hypomethylated blocks of cellular chromatin, although the exact molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In hepatoma cells expressing HBx, the oncoprotein encoded by the HBV genome, demethylation of the repetitive satellite 2 sequences was observed, due to downregulation of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B. Tax and HBZ, the oncoproteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), can both activate and silence distinct cellular promoters by interacting with cellular enzymes involved in histone modification.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; ACID RECEPTOR-BETA(2) EXPRESSION; PAPILLOMAVIRUS E7 ONCOPROTEIN; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DNMT3A; HTLV-1 BZIP FACTOR; HCV CORE PROTEIN; C-VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; Viral oncoproteins; Epigenetic reprogramming; Relocation of chromatin binding proteins; Focal hypermethylation; CpG island shores; CpG shelves; Histone acetyltransferases |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine |
| Divisions: | Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Mar 2019 12:36 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jun 2020 05:33 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/2190 |
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