Gmehlin, Dennis and Fuermaier, Anselm B. M. and Walther, Stephan and Tucha, Lara and Koerts, Janneke and Lange, Klaus W. and Tucha, Oliver and Weisbrod, Matthias and Aschenbrenner, Steffen (2016) Attentional Lapses of Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Tasks of Sustained Attention. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 31 (4). pp. 343-357. ISSN 0887-6177, 1873-5843
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Abstract
Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show attentional dysfunction such as distractibility and mind-wandering, especially in lengthy tasks. However, fundamentals of dysfunction are ambiguous and relationships of neuropsychological test parameters with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms are marginal. We hypothesize that basic deficits in sustaining attention explain more complex attentional dysfunction in persons with ADHD and relate to ADHD symptoms. Attentional function was analyzed by computing ex-Gaussian parameters for 3 time Blocks in a 20 min test of sustained alertness. Changes in performance across these blocks were analyzed by comparing adult persons with ADHD (n = 24) with healthy matched controls (n = 24) and correlated with neuropsychological measures of selective and divided attention as well as self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. We found a significantly steeper increase in the number of slow responses (ex-Gaussian parameter tau) in persons with ADHD with time on task in basic sustained alertness. They also performed significantly worse in tasks of sustained selective and divided attention. However, after controlling for an increase in tau during the alertness task, significant differences between groups disappeared for divided and partly selective attention. Increases in tau in the sustained alertness task correlated significantly with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. Our results provide evidence that very basic deficits in sustaining attention in adults with ADHD are related to infrequent slow responses (=attentional lapses), with changes over time being relevant for more complex attentional function and experienced ADHD symptoms in everyday life.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | REACTION-TIME VARIABILITY; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS; ADHD; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; VIGILANCE; SYMPTOMS; IMPROVEMENTS; METAANALYSIS; ADHD; Attention |
| Subjects: | 100 Philosophy & psychology > 150 Psychology |
| Divisions: | Psychology and Pedagogy > Institut für Psychologie |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Mar 2019 14:46 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Mar 2019 14:46 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/2860 |
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