Braun, Birgit (2020) Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) and the "Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school". Connections to "Erlangen School" of psychiatry. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE, 88 (10). pp. 652-660. ISSN 0720-4299, 1439-3522
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Background: To celebrate Carl Wernicke's 170th anniversary, the paper aims at analysing possible connections of Wernicke and his "Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard (WKL) school" to the "Erlangen school" of psychiatry. Methods: Relevant primary and secondary literature as well as archival material were examined to test the hypothesis. Results: Wernicke's efforts to realise his nosological system in clinical practice were continued by his pupil Karl Kleist (1879-1960). After Wernicke's tragic early death Kleist worked under Gustav Specht's "Erlangen school of psychiatry". Karl Leonhard (1904-1988), who worked under Specht as well as under Kleist, continued Wernicke's and Kleist's research and ended up with a very differentiated classification of endogenous psychoses. Discussion: Specht's "Erlangen school" of psychiatry can be regarded as a link in the development of the "Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school". Wernicke's description of "anxiety psychosis" motivated Specht to study the emotion of anxiety in "manic-depressive disorder". Specht's study again stimulated Leonhard's concept of "anxiety-happiness psychosis". Generally, Specht's intensive focus on bipolarity has influenced Leonhard's concept of cycloid psychoses. Specht's description of "pathologic affect" had an impact on Leonhard's concept of "affect-laden paraphrenia". Conclusion Modern methods of neuro-imaging open a new perspective to Wernicke's localisation theory. The natural-scientific-philosophical "double orientation" of the WKL school motivates an increased integration of philosophical elements (ethics, religiosity, spirituality) in the field of psychiatry, psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | NEUROLOGIST; IMPACT; Carl Wernicke; Wernicke's approach to psychiatry; "Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard (WKL) school"; "Erlangen school" of psychiatry |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine |
| Divisions: | Medicine > Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Mar 2021 07:44 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Mar 2021 07:44 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/43659 |
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