Binder, Karin and Krauss, Stefan and Bruckmaier, Georg (2015) Effects of visualizing statistical information - an empirical study on tree diagrams and 2 x 2 tables. FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 6: 1186. ISSN 1664-1078,
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In their research articles, scholars often use 2 x 2 tables or tree diagrams including natural frequencies in order to illustrate Bayesian reasoning situations to their peers. Interestingly, the effect of these visualizations on participants' performance has not been tested empirically so far (apart from explicit training studies). In the present article, we report on an empirical study (3 x 2 x 2 design) in which we systematically vary visualization (no visualization vs. 2 x 2 table vs. tree diagram) and information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies) for two contexts (medical vs. economical context; not a factor of interest). Each of N = 259 participants (students of age 16-18) had to solve two typical Bayesian reasoning tasks (mammography problem" and "economics problem"). The hypothesis is that 2 x 2 tables and tree diagrams especially when natural frequencies are included can foster insight into the notoriously difficult structure of Bayesian reasoning situations. In contrast to many other visualizations (e.g., icon arrays, Euler diagrams), 2 x 2 tables and tree diagrams have the advantage that they can be constructed easily. The implications of our findings for teaching Bayesian reasoning will be discussed.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ECOLOGICAL RATIONALITY; DIAGNOSTIC INFERENCES; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; REPRESENTATION; GIGERENZER; HOFFRAGE; RISK; DIFFICULTIES; INSTRUCTION; UNCERTAINTY; Bayesian reasoning; 2 x 2 table; natural sampling tree; natural frequencies; visual representation |
| Subjects: | 500 Science > 510 Mathematics |
| Divisions: | Mathematics > Prof. Dr. Stefan Krauss |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jun 2019 08:33 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jun 2019 08:33 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/4997 |
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