Schroeder, Benedikt and Muehlberger, Andreas (2022) Assessing the attentional bias of smokers in a virtual reality anti-saccade task using eye tracking. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 172: 108381. ISSN 0301-0511, 1873-6246
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Introduction: Cognitive biases (among them attentional bias, AB) are considered an important factor in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of addiction. However, traditional paradigms to measure AB have been criticized regarding external validity and methodical issues. Therefore, and because the neurophysiological correlates of anti-saccade tasks are known, we implemented a novel smoking anti-saccade task in virtual reality (VR) to measure AB and inhibitory control in different contexts and with higher ecological validity. Methods: Smokers (n = 20) and non-smokers (n = 20) were tested on a classic pro- and anti-saccade task, a VR anti-saccade task and a VR attention fixation task (all containing smoking-related and neutral stimuli) while eyetracking data was collected. Two VR contexts (park and office room) were applied. Results: Saccade latencies were significantly higher for the smoking group in the VR anti-saccade task. However, this effect did not differ between smoking-related and neutral stimuli, thus overall no AB was observed. Instead, AB was only present in the park context. Additionally, saccade latencies and error rates were significantly higher in the park context. Conclusions: Results indicate impaired inhibitory control in smokers relative to non-smokers. The lack of evidence for a general AB might be due to the lower severity of smoking dependence in the smoking sample. Instead, results suggest context specificity of AB. Implications for smoking cessation interventions in the field of inhibitory control training and attention bias modification are discussed.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | CUE EXPOSURE; SMOKING CUES; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; IMPLICIT COGNITION; DEPENDENCE; ANTISACCADE; ADDICTION; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTS; PROSACCADES; Smoking; Addiction; Attention bias; Anti-saccade task; Eye tracking; Virtual reality |
| Subjects: | 100 Philosophy & psychology > 150 Psychology |
| Divisions: | Human Sciences > Institut für Psychologie > Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie - Lehrstuhl für Psychologie VIII - Prof. Dr. Andreas Mühlberger |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Nov 2023 10:57 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Nov 2023 10:57 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/56681 |
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