Frank, Sebastian M. and Becker, Markus and Qi, Andrea and Geiger, Patricia and Frank, Ulrike I. and Rosedahl, Luke A. and Malloni, Wilhelm M. and Sasaki, Yuka and Greenlee, Mark W. and Watanabe, Takeo (2022) Efficient learning in children with rapid GABA boosting during and after training. CURRENT BIOLOGY, 32 (23). 5022-5030.e7. ISSN 0960-9822, 1879-0445
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It is generally thought that children learn more efficiently than adults. One way to accomplish this is to have learning rapidly stabilized such that it is not interfered with by subsequent learning. Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in stabilization, it has been reported that GABAergic inhibitory processing is not fully matured yet in children compared with adults. Does this finding indicate that more efficient learning in children is not due to more rapid stabilization? Here, we measured the concentration of GABA in early visual cortical areas in a time-resolved fashion before, during, and after visual perceptual learning (VPL) within subjects using functional MRS (fMRS) and then compared the concentrations between children (8 to 11 years old) and adults (18 to 35 years old). We found that children exhibited a rapid boost of GABA during visual training that persisted after training ended, whereas the concentration of GABA in adults remained unchanged. Moreover, behavioral experiments showed that children exhibited rapid development of resilience to retrograde interference, which indicates that children stabilize VPL much faster than adults. These results together suggest that inhibitory processing in children's brains is more dynamic and adapts more quickly to stabilize learning than in adults, making learning more efficient in children.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | MULTIPLE SENSITIVE PERIODS; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; DEPENDENT PLASTICITY; BRAIN; MODULATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISMS; GLUTAMATE |
| Subjects: | 100 Philosophy & psychology > 150 Psychology |
| Divisions: | Human Sciences > Institut für Psychologie > Lehrstuhl für Psychologie I (Allgemeine Psychologie I und Methodenlehre) - Prof. Dr. Mark W. Greenlee |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jan 2024 05:25 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jan 2024 05:25 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/57457 |
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