Plo, Lucas Ferrando and Nitsopoulos, Athanasios and Friedle, Albrecht and Schmidberger, Andreas and Heilmann, Joerg (2024) Anthraquinone Residues in Dried Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaves for Herbal Infusions: Proof of Endogenous Origin via a Sampling-Driven and GC-MS/MS-Based Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 72 (48). pp. 26915-26925. ISSN 0021-8561, 1520-5118
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Abstract
Anthraquinone residues in tea have been linked to atmospheric deposition. However, anthraquinones can also be biosynthesized in plants. In this work, we report on a sample-driven and GC-MS/MS-based analytical strategy to differentiate between endogenous and exogenous anthraquinones in dried walnut (Juglans regia) leaves. Anthraquinone and seven of its derivatives were quantified in 9 dried and 128 fresh samples of leaves from walnut and other deciduous trees from three different countries and nine sampling sites. The drying of walnut leaves in a hot-air electric oven eliminated 80% of anthraquinone concentration. Among the fresh walnut leaf samples, 94% exceeded the 0.01 mg/kg maximum residue limit of anthraquinone, with values up to 0.3 mg/kg. Most derivatives were also present above 0.01 mg/kg. However, in the leaves from other deciduous trees, the compounds were much lower than 0.01 mg/kg. We conclude that the low anthraquinone base levels in most samples may result from atmospheric pollution, whereas the higher anthraquinone residues in walnut leaves likely have an endogenous origin.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ANTHRACENE; ATMOSPHERE; anthraquinone; walnut; Juglans regia; polyketide; shikimic acid; sampling; QuEChERS; leaves; moss; GC-MS/MS |
| Subjects: | 500 Science > 570 Life sciences |
| Divisions: | Chemistry and Pharmacy > Institute of Pharmacy > Pharmaceutical Biology (Prof. Heilmann) |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2025 05:30 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2025 05:30 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/63926 |
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