Almanzar, Giovanni and Koosha, Kimia and Vogt, Tim and Stein, Astrid and Ziegler, Lars and Asam, Claudia and Weps, Manuela and Schwaegerl, Valeria and Richter, Lorena and Hepp, Nicola and Fuchs, Andre and Wagenhaeuser, Isabell and Reusch, Julia and Krone, Manuel and Geldmacher, Christof and Protzer, Ulrike and Steininger, Philipp and Ueberla, Klaus and Wagner, Ralf and Liese, Johannes and Prelog, Martina (2024) Hybrid immunity by two COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations and one breakthrough infection provides a robust and balanced cellular immune response as basic immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, 96 (6): e29739. ISSN 0146-6615, 1096-9071
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Abstract
This longitudinal prospective controlled multicenter study aimed to monitor immunity generated by three exposures caused by breakthrough infections (BTI) after COVID-19-vaccination considering pre-existing cell-mediated immunity to common-corona-viruses (CoV) which may impact cellular reactivity against SARS-CoV-2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-IgG antibodies (anti-S-IgG) and cellular reactivity against Spike-(S)- and nucleocapsid-(N)-proteins were determined in fully-vaccinated (F) individuals who either experienced BTI (F+BTI) or had booster vaccination (F+Booster) compared to partially vaccinated (P+BTI) and unvaccinated (U) from 1 to 24 weeks post PCR-confirmed infection. High avidity anti-S-IgG were found in F+BTI compared to U, the latter exhibiting increased long-lasting pro-inflammatory cytokines to S-stimulation. CoV was associated with higher cellular reactivity in U, whereas no association was seen in F. The study illustrates the induction of significant S-specific cellular responses in F+BTI building-up basic immunity by three exposures. Only U seem to benefit from pre-existing CoV immunity but demonstrated inflammatory immune responses compared to F+BTI who immunologically benefit from enhanced humoral and cellular immunity after BTI. This study demonstrates that individuals with hybrid immunity from COVID-19-vaccination and BTI acquire a stable humoral and cellular immune response that is maintained for at least 6 months. Our findings corroborate recommendations by health authorities to build on basic immunity by three S-protein exposures.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | SARS-COV-2; breakthrough infection; common corona viruses; COVID-19; hybrid immunity; mRNA vaccination; SARS-CoV-2 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine |
| Divisions: | Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Gernot Deinzer |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2026 07:30 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jan 2026 07:30 |
| URI: | https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/65316 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
