Imaging in staging, treatment planning, and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma for local and locoregional therapies: consensus recommendations from EORTC and ESGAR

Oecal, Osman and Zech, Christoph Johannes and Bali, Maria Antonietta and Pasquier, David and Mottaghy, Felix and Einspieler, Ingo and Kartalis, Nikolaos and Bargellini, Irene and Iezzi, Roberto and Denecke, Timm and Kunz, Wolfgang Gerhard and Gebauer, Bernhard and Wege, Henning and Cannella, Roberto and Oprea-Lager, Daniela Elena and Vogel, Arndt and Sangro, Bruno and Seidensticker, Max (2026) Imaging in staging, treatment planning, and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma for local and locoregional therapies: consensus recommendations from EORTC and ESGAR. EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY, 36 (1). pp. 597-606. ISSN 0938-7994, 1432-1084

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Abstract

BackgroundPeriinterventional imaging of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during local and locoregional therapies plays a crucial role in clinical outcome by guiding treatment allocation, planning, and application. However, there is a considerable variety in clinical routine in terms of timing, modality, and imaging protocols. This study aimed to guide the standardization of the imaging procedures for patients with HCC by conducting a Delphi consensus-finding survey.MethodsA multidisciplinary, multinational survey was conducted to standardize the imaging of patients with HCC using the Delphi method.ResultsUnder the guidance of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Imaging and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Groups and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), the recommendations for imaging before, during, and after thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization, and stereotactic body radiation therapy were established.ConclusionThis consensus protocol provides a foundational guide for imaging in the daily clinical management of HCC patients, as well as for prospective studies assessing local and locoregional therapies.Key PointsQuestionThere are clear recommendations for the respective therapies/disease stages in HCC, but only to a limited extent for all-around imaging of local therapies.FindingsThis study conveyed a Delphi consensus-finding survey amongst European experts from multiple medical fields to standardize the periinterventional imaging of HCC patients.Clinical relevanceThese recommendations can guide both daily clinical practice and prospective trials focused on local and locoregional therapies.Key PointsQuestionThere are clear recommendations for the respective therapies/disease stages in HCC, but only to a limited extent for all-around imaging of local therapies.FindingsThis study conveyed a Delphi consensus-finding survey amongst European experts from multiple medical fields to standardize the periinterventional imaging of HCC patients.Clinical relevanceThese recommendations can guide both daily clinical practice and prospective trials focused on local and locoregional therapies.Key PointsQuestionThere are clear recommendations for the respective therapies/disease stages in HCC, but only to a limited extent for all-around imaging of local therapies.FindingsThis study conveyed a Delphi consensus-finding survey amongst European experts from multiple medical fields to standardize the periinterventional imaging of HCC patients.Clinical relevanceThese recommendations can guide both daily clinical practice and prospective trials focused on local and locoregional therapies.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: ; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Imaging; Ablation; TACE; SBRT
Subjects: 600 Technology > 610 Medical sciences Medicine
Divisions: Medicine > Lehrstuhl für Röntgendiagnostik
Depositing User: Dr. Gernot Deinzer
Date Deposited: 27 Mar 2026 07:19
Last Modified: 27 Mar 2026 07:19
URI: https://pred.uni-regensburg.de/id/eprint/67951

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